Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy in the 2020s and 2030s

authored by: M. Bailes, B. K. Berger, P. R. Brady, M. Branchesi, K. Danzmann, M. Evans, K. Holley-Bockelmann, B. R. Iyer, T. Kajita, S. Katsanevas, M. Kramer, A. Lazzarini, L. Lehner, G. Losurdo, H. Lück, D. E. McClelland, M. A. McLaughlin, M. Punturo, S. Ransom, S. Raychaudhury, D. H. Reitze, F. Ricci, S. Rowan, Y. Saito, G. H. Sanders, B. S. Sathyaprakash, B. F. Schutz, A. Sesana, H. Shinkai, X. Siemens, D. H. Shoemaker, J. Thorpe, J. F.J. van den Brand, S. Vitale
Abstract: The 100 years since the publication of Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity saw significant development of the understanding of the theory, the identification of potential astrophysical sources of sufficiently strong gravitational waves and development of key technologies for gravitational-wave detectors. In 2015, the first gravitational-wave signals were detected by the two US Advanced LIGO instruments. In 2017, Advanced LIGO and the European Advanced Virgo detectors pinpointed a binary neutron star coalescence that was also seen across the electromagnetic spectrum. The field of gravitational-wave astronomy is just starting, and this Roadmap of future developments surveys the potential for growth in bandwidth and sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors, and discusses the science results anticipated to come from upcoming instruments.
Organisation(s): Institute of Gravitation Physics
QuantumFrontiers
External Organisation(s): Swinburne University of Technology
Stanford University
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
Gran Sasso Science Institute
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)
LIGO Laboratory
Vanderbilt University
Fisk University
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR HYD)
University of Tokyo
European Gravitational Observatory (EGO)
Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR)
University of Manchester
California Institute of Caltech (Caltech)
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Sezione di Pisa
Australian National University
West Virginia University
National Radio Astronomy Observatory Socorro
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics India
University of Florida
Sapienza Università di Roma
University of Glasgow
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Pennsylvania State University
Cardiff University
University of Milan - Bicocca
Osaka Institute of Technology
Oregon State University
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA-GSFC)
Vrije Universiteit
National Institute for Subatomic Physics (Nikhef)
University of Trento
Type: Review article
Journal: Nature Reviews Physics
Volume: 3
Pages: 344-366
No. of pages: 23
ISSN: 2522-5820
Publication date: 05.2021
Publication status: Published
Peer reviewed: Yes
ASJC Scopus subject areas: General Physics and Astronomy
Electronic version(s): https://doi.org/10.1038/s42254-021-00303-8 (Access: Open)

BibTeX

@article{ae21aca0d8ff4e39a95fd57288c08485,
title = "Gravitational-wave physics and astronomy in the 2020s and 2030s",
abstract = "The 100 years since the publication of Albert Einstein{\textquoteright}s theory of general relativity saw significant development of the understanding of the theory, the identification of potential astrophysical sources of sufficiently strong gravitational waves and development of key technologies for gravitational-wave detectors. In 2015, the first gravitational-wave signals were detected by the two US Advanced LIGO instruments. In 2017, Advanced LIGO and the European Advanced Virgo detectors pinpointed a binary neutron star coalescence that was also seen across the electromagnetic spectrum. The field of gravitational-wave astronomy is just starting, and this Roadmap of future developments surveys the potential for growth in bandwidth and sensitivity of future gravitational-wave detectors, and discusses the science results anticipated to come from upcoming instruments.",
author = "M. Bailes and Berger, {B. K.} and Brady, {P. R.} and M. Branchesi and K. Danzmann and M. Evans and K. Holley-Bockelmann and Iyer, {B. R.} and T. Kajita and S. Katsanevas and M. Kramer and A. Lazzarini and L. Lehner and G. Losurdo and H. L{\"u}ck and McClelland, {D. E.} and McLaughlin, {M. A.} and M. Punturo and S. Ransom and S. Raychaudhury and Reitze, {D. H.} and F. Ricci and S. Rowan and Y. Saito and Sanders, {G. H.} and Sathyaprakash, {B. S.} and Schutz, {B. F.} and A. Sesana and H. Shinkai and X. Siemens and Shoemaker, {D. H.} and J. Thorpe and {van den Brand}, {J. F.J.} and S. Vitale",
note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge the following support: M. Bailes and D. E. McClelland are supported by the Australian Research Council under the ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery grant CE170100004. D. E. McClelland also acknowledges the support of the ARC Linkage Infrastructure, Equipment and Facilities grant LE170100217. M. Branchesi and S. Katsanevas acknowledge the support of the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Programme under the AHEAD2020 Project grant agreement 871158. S. Katsanevas is also supported by Universit{\'e} de Paris, France. M. Evans, A. Lazzarini, D. H. Reitze and D. H. Shoemaker are supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) LIGO Laboratory award PHY-1764464. M. Evans also acknowledges support from NSF award PHY-1836814. D. H. Shoemaker acknowledges support from NASA for work on LISA. T. Kajita, H. Shinkai and Y. Saito acknowledge support as members of KAGRA supported by MEXT and JSPS in Japan, NRF and Computing Infrastructure Project of KISTI-GSDC in Korea, and MoST and Academia Sinica in Taiwan. L. Lehner is supported in part by CIFAR, NSERC through a Discovery Grant and by Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Research at Perimeter Institute is supported by the Government of Canada and by the Province of Ontario through the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Science. G. Losurdo, M. Punturo and F. Ricci acknowledge the Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), the French Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, for the construction and operation of the Virgo detector and the creation and support of the EGO consortium. The authors also gratefully acknowledge research support from these agencies, as well as by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) for the support to the study and design of the Einstein Telescope. H. L{\"u}ck is supported by the Max Planck Society, Leibniz Universit{\"a}t Hannover and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Germany{\textquoteright}s Excellence Strategy EXC2123 QuantumFrontiers programme. M. A. McLaughlin, S. Ransom and X. Siemens are supported as members of NANOGrav and SMR by the NSF Physics Frontiers Center award PHY-1430284. S. Ransom is a CJFAR Fellow at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO). NRAO is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. B. S. Sathyaprakash is supported in part by NSF awards PHY-1836779, AST-2006384 and PHY-2012083. B. F. Schutz acknowledges support from the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) of the United Kingdom. A. Sesana is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC-2018-COG under grant 818691 (B Massive). J. Thorpe acknowledges the support of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). J. F. J. van den Brand is supported by the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter supported by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. S. Vitale is supported by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and INFN. ",
year = "2021",
month = may,
doi = "10.1038/s42254-021-00303-8",
language = "English",
volume = "3",
pages = "344--366",
journal = "Nature Reviews Physics",
issn = "2522-5820",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
number = "5",
}